What is Periodontal (Gum) Disease?

The term “periodontal”means “around the tooth.”  Periodontal disease (also known as periodontitis and gum disease) is a common inflammatory condition which affects the supporting and surrounding soft tissues of the tooth; also the jawbone itself when in its most advanced stages.

Periodontal disease is most often preceded by gingivitis which is a bacterial infection of the gum tissue.  A bacterial infection affects the gums when the toxins contained in plaque begin to irritate and inflame the gum tissues.  Once this bacterial infection colonizes in the gum pockets between the teeth, it becomes much more difficult to remove and treat.  Periodontal disease is a progressive condition that eventually leads to the destruction of the connective tissue and jawbone.  If left untreated, it can lead to shifting teeth, loose teeth and eventually tooth loss.

 

Periodontal disease is the leading cause of tooth loss among adults in the developed world and should always be promptly treated.

Types of Periodontal Disease

When left untreated, gingivitis (mild gum inflammation) can spread to below the gum line.  When the gums become irritated by the toxins contained in plaque, a chronic inflammatory response causes the body to break down and destroy its own bone and soft tissue.  There may be little or no symptoms as periodontal disease causes the teeth to separate from the infected gum tissue.  Deepening pockets between the gums and teeth are generally indicative that soft tissue and bone is being destroyed by periodontal disease.

Here are some of the most common types of periodontal disease:

  • Chronic periodontitis – Inflammation within supporting tissues cause deep pockets and gum recession.  It may appear the teeth are lengthening, but in actuality, the gums (gingiva) are receding.  This is the most common form of periodontal disease and is characterized by progressive loss of attachment, interspersed with periods of rapid progression.
  • Aggressive periodontitis – This form of gum disease occurs in an otherwise clinically healthy individual.  It is characterized by rapid loss of gum attachment, chronic bone destruction and familial aggregation.
  • Necrotizing periodontitis – This form of periodontal disease most often occurs in individuals suffering from systemic conditions such as HIV, immunosuppression and malnutrition.  Necrosis (tissue death) occurs in the periodontal ligament, alveolar bone and gingival tissues.
  • Periodontitis caused by systemic disease – This form of gum disease often begins at an early age.  Medical condition such as respiratory disease, diabetes and heart disease are common cofactors.

Treatment for Periodontal Disease

There are many surgical and nonsurgical treatments the periodontist may choose to perform, depending upon the exact condition of the teeth, gums and jawbone.  A complete periodontal exam of the mouth will be done before any treatment is performed or recommended.

Here are some of the more common treatments for periodontal disease:

  • Scaling and root planing – In order to preserve the health of the gum tissue, the bacteria and calculus (tartar) which initially caused the infection, must be removed.  The gum pockets will be cleaned and treated with antibiotics as necessary to help alleviate the infection.  A prescription mouthwash may be incorporated into daily cleaning routines.
  • Tissue regeneration – When the bone and gum tissues have been destroyed, regrowth can be actively encouraged using grafting procedures.  A membrane may be inserted into the affected areas to assist in the regeneration process.
  • Pocket elimination surgery – Pocket elimination surgery (also known as flap surgery) is a surgical treatment which can be performed to reduce the pocket size between the teeth and gums.  Surgery on the jawbone is another option which serves to eliminate indentations in the bone which foster the colonization of bacteria.
  • Dental implants – When teeth have been lost due to periodontal disease, the aesthetics and functionality of the mouth can be restored by implanting prosthetic teeth into the jawbone.  Tissue regeneration procedures may be required prior to the placement of a dental implant in order to strengthen the bone.

Ask your dentist if you have; questions or concerns about periodontal disease, periodontal treatment, or dental implants.

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Testimonials

My previous dentist left me in a horrendous state. I was in constant discomfort and at the end of my rope. I didn't know if I could ever get back to normal, and I was worried I would go broke trying to fix the damage that was done. Dr. Michael Gilman accepted me as a patient knowing my situation. He was exactly what I needed, a dentist that cares more about his patients than his ego. He is a true professional who is patient, caring and compassionate. It was a long process but he never made me feel like a burden. His entire staff is wonderful and caring. His office is a very positive environment. His rates are reasonable and he didn't try to bleed me for every penny like my previous dentist. Now I feel a sense of normalcy for the first time in several years, and I know that I'm in good hands whenever I need dental work. I'll never take that for granted again. I'm so thankful I found Dr. Gilman, and I can't recommend him highly enough.

Rich R.

Dr. Michael was recommended to me by a good friend. I was more than a little apprehensive about having some significant dental work done. I found Dr. Michael and his staff to be top notch professionals. He inspired confidence in me and his staff reinforced that feeling by being thoroughly first class all the way. He explains things in a way that makes them right-sized and doable. My apprehension went away and his highly skilled hands have done some amazing work on my dental issues. I am very pleased with the results. This is THE dentist for me, bar none.

Alan S.

Teri is the the best dental hygienist I have experienced, such good work! She has great attention to detail and a gentle touch at the same time. Teri is a wonderful person! The whole staff is so friendly! The first time I have looked forward to my visit to the dentist is at Dr. Gilmans office!

Andy H.

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Contact Us.We encourage you to contact us with any questions or comments you may have. Please call our office or use the quick contact form.

Contact Us

We encourage you to contact us with any questions or comments you may have. Please call our office or use the quick contact form below.




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Larry E. Gilman, DDS & Michael S. Gilman, DDS

5220 Neil Road, Ste 210, Reno, NV 89502

Phone:(775) 826-7883